The Archaeology of the Summer Solstice: Beyond Stonehenge
Ah, the summer solstice! The time of the year when the sun dances at its highest point in the sky, ushering in longer days and warmer nights. While many of us associate the summer solstice with the famous Stonehenge in England, there is a world of fascinating archaeological sites that shed light on ancient cultures’ celebration of this celestial event. So, let’s take a look at sites beyond Stonehenge and explore the archaeology of the summer solstice!
This is not an exhaustive list but just a highlight of some sites that have great research and that you can visit.
Newgrange, Ireland
Nestled in the picturesque Boyne Valley, Newgrange is a neolithic passage tomb that predates the pyramids of Egypt. The structure’s design is remarkable: a long, narrow passageway leads to a central chamber illuminated by a single beam of sunlight during the solstice sunrise. This stunning feat of ancient engineering showcases the importance of the summer solstice to the people of ancient Ireland. Excavated between 1962-1975 there is a lot there, and some debate as to the actual use of the site. Head to the website to read more, be warned if you wanted to visit this site on the solstice you have to enter a lottery!
Chichen Itza, Mexico
Moving across the globe, we find ourselves in the heart of the Yucatán Peninsula, where the ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza stands. The Kukulkan Pyramid, also known as El Castillo, is the focal point of this archaeological wonder. On the spring equinox, the sun casts a shadow on the pyramid’s staircase, creating an awe-inspiring illusion of a serpentine creature slithering down the structure. That was thought to be its only alignment but in 2007 researchers realized that on the solstice two faces of the pyramid are in total light while the other 2 in total shadow.
Goseck Circle, Germany
Located in present-day Germany, the Goseck Circle is a circular enclosure dating back to the Neolithic period (about 7000 years old). This enigmatic structure serves as an astronomical observatory aligned with the movements of the sun. The inner circle and entranceways are precisely aligned to capture the sunrise and sunset during the solstices, emphasizing the importance of celestial events in ancient societies. You can read more about this site here. It was excavated in 2002 and you can visit a recreation of the structures!
Kokino Observatory, North Macedonia
Perched atop a hill in North Macedonia, the Kokino Observatory is one of the oldest-known astronomical observatories in the world. Dating back over 4,000 years, this Bronze Age site offers breathtaking panoramic views. It features stone markers that align with the rising sun during the summer solstice, underscoring the ancient civilization’s fascination with astronomical phenomena. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is protected.
Maeshowe, Scotland
Venturing into the windswept Orkney Islands of Scotland, we encounter Maeshowe, a magnificent chambered tomb built around 5,000 years ago. This neolithic marvel boasts an intricately designed entrance passage that allows sunlight to penetrate deep into the central chamber during the winter and summer solstices, creating an ethereal ambiance inside. This site is different from some of the others in that the winter solstice is what lights it up and because of the size of the opening you have 6 weeks that the light does its amazing dance..
Cahokia Mounds, United States
Traveling to the heart of the United States, we discover Cahokia, an ancient city nestled near present-day St. Louis, Missouri. At its peak, Cahokia boasted an impressive population, and was larger than most European cities at the time, with monumental earthwork mounds dominating the landscape. These mounds, such as Monks Mound, were meticulously aligned with celestial events, including the summer solstice, highlighting the city’s connection to the cosmos. You can visit most days but many buildings are currently closed for renovations. They do have educational kits that you can rent on a bunch of topics as well.
Mnajdra Temples, Malta
Stepping foot on the sun-kissed island of Malta, we encounter the Mnajdra Temples, a complex of prehistoric megalithic structures. With their remarkable stonework and intricate alignments, these temples serve as a testament to the advanced astronomical knowledge possessed by the ancient Maltese civilization. During the summer solstice, sunlight beautifully illuminates the temple interiors, leaving spectators in awe. There are also alignment event at the equinox. These sites are on the watch list for the world monument fund and are protected.
Glastonbury Tor, England
While Stonehenge often steals the spotlight, Glastonbury Tor holds its own charm. Situated in Somerset, England, this enigmatic hill features a tower atop its summit. The solstice sun aligns perfectly with the tower, casting ethereal shadows over the mystical landscape below, captivating both visitors and archaeologists alike. This is a UK national trust site and its free, but it is a hike to the top.
Tulum, Mexico
Nestled on the breathtaking coastline of the Yucatán Peninsula, Tulum stands as a testament to the Mayan civilization’s architectural prowess. The El Castillo temple, perched on the edge of a cliff, captures the essence of the summer solstice with its alignment to the setting sun. As dusk approaches on this celestial day, the temple casts a spectacular shadow over the Caribbean Sea.
The Callanish Stones, Scotland
Returning to Scotland, we encounter the mystifying Callanish Stones, located on the Isle of Lewis. Comprising a circle of standing stones and a central monolith, this Neolithic monument resonates with astronomical significance. During the summer solstice, the stones align with the sun’s path, forming a stunning celestial connection that continues to intrigue archaeologists and visitors. They are older than stone henge, being erected around 5000 years ago. They where used for 2000 years at least! They where excavated in the 1980’s during that time researches noticed that the stone also aligned to lunar events that happen once every 18 years.
Conclusions
Looking at the archaeology of the summer solstice reveals a tapestry of ancient sites across the globe, each offering unique insights into the relationship between ancient cultures and celestial phenomena. From Ireland to North Macedonia, Mexico to Scotland, these extraordinary sites stand as testaments to humanity’s enduring fascination with the solstice, inviting us to connect with our ancient past and marvel at the wonders of the cosmos. So, this summer solstice, let us celebrate and appreciate the extraordinary heritage that binds us to the sun and the civilizations that came before us.
The summer solstice is a time of vibrant energy and abundant daylight, and you can harness its magic by celebrating right in the comfort of your own home. Embrace the spirit of the solstice by creating an outdoor sanctuary in your backyard or balcony. Set up a cozy space with blankets, pillows, and soft lighting to immerse yourself in the warmth of the sun’s rays. Take the time to connect with nature by practicing outdoor yoga, meditation, or simply enjoying a good book while basking in the sunlight. Engaging in activities that honor the solstice, such as crafting sun-inspired artwork or building a bonfire, can also foster a sense of connection with the season’s energy.
Another way to celebrate the summer solstice at home is by indulging in a feast of seasonal delights. Prepare a vibrant and fresh meal using ingredients like succulent fruits, crisp vegetables, and fragrant herbs. You can even incorporate traditional solstice foods into your menu, such as strawberries, honey, or freshly baked bread. Share this bountiful meal with loved ones, either in-person or virtually, and take the opportunity to express gratitude for the abundance of the season. As the sun sets, light candles or lanterns to symbolize the transition from day to night, and engage in rituals or personal reflections that honor the solstice’s significance as a time of renewal and gratitude.
What ever you do, its time for summer so enjoy!
